<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Terra Economicus</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-6606</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2410-4531</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18522/2073-6606-2026-24-1-6-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Концептуальные маневры постнеолиберальной экономической политики, или Почему «профессора» больше не нужны «антрепренерам»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Conceptual maneuvers of post-neoliberal economic policy or Why “professors” are no longer needed by “entrepreneurs”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толкачёв</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolkachev</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>tsa2000@mail.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Financial University (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации (Москва, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://te.sfedu.ru/arkhiv-nomerov/2026/228-nomer-1/3077-kontseptualnye-manevry-postneoliberalnoj-ekonomicheskoj-politiki-ili-pochemu-professora-bolshe-ne-nuzhny-antrepreneram.html" xlink:title="https://te.sfedu.ru/arkhiv-nomerov/2026/228-nomer-1/3077-kontseptualnye-manevry-postneoliberalnoj-ekonomicheskoj-politiki-ili-pochemu-professora-bolshe-ne-nuzhny-antrepreneram.html">https://te.sfedu.ru/arkhiv-nomerov/2026/228-nomer-1/3077-kontseptualnye-manevry-postneoliberalnoj-ekonomicheskoj-politiki-ili-pochemu-professora-bolshe-ne-nuzhny-antrepreneram.html</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-52c87ccc-99c3-4385-adbc-d80d8e34fa6a.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена рассмотрению причин, по которым современная западная экономическая теория — неоклассический мейнстрим — утратила экспертно-аналитическую и прогностическую роль в практической экономической политике. Три последние президентские администрации США не полагаются на академических ученых («профессоров» в терминологии Кругмана) при обосновании экономической политики, а доверяют ее так называемым «политическим антрепренерам», не имеющим никакого веса в академической среде. Приведен пример фундаментального провала рекомендаций «профессоров» в вопросе одобрения вступления Китая в ВТО. Вскрыт фактор академического монополизма экономистов мейнстрима, прежде всего американских, на примере публикаций в ведущих журналах и Нобелевских премий как причина деградации и оторванности исследований от реальной экономической политики. Предложен к переосмыслению вопрос об идеологической функции экономической теории. Показано, что любая экономическая теория отражает идеологические воззрения, ценности и интересы субъектов экономической политики. Отрицание этой закономерности неоклассическим мейнстримом нужно трактовать как антинаучный подход. Проанализированы теоретические основы взглядов С. Мирана, председателя Совета экономических консультантов во второй администрации президента Байдена, расходящиеся с мнением подавляющего большинства «профессоров». Высказывается предположение, что радикализм, брутальность и «антинаучность» трампономики 2.0 с точки зрения академического истеблишмента США на самом деле отвечает экономическим интересам и идеологическим пристрастиям формирующегося нового элитного слоя американского капитала — «индустриальным цифровикам», чьи представления об экономическом мироустройстве воплотятся в обозримом будущем в новую экономическую теорию.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article examines the reasons for the diminished role of contemporary Western economic theory, specifically the neoclassical mainstream, in providing expert, analytical and predictive support for the practice of economic policy. Over the past three presidential administrations in the United States, policymaking has increasingly been delegated to so-called “political entrepreneurs” rather than relying on academic scholars, or “professors”, as characterized by Paul Krugman. A notable example of the failure of “professors’” recommendations is the approval of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The article highlights the issue of academic monopolism within the mainstream economic community, particularly among American economists, as a contributing factor to the disconnection between theoretical research and real-world policy implementation. This monopolism is evidenced by the dominance of certain publications in leading academic journals and the concentration of Nobel Prizes within a narrow circle of scholars. I also address the ideological function of economic theory, arguing that any economic framework inevitably reflects the ideological perspectives, values, and interests of politicians. The neoclassical mainstream’s denial of this inherent ideological dimension is criticized as an anti-scientific stance. The theoretical underpinnings of Stephen Miran, who served as the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Biden’s second administration, are contrasted with those of the majority of “professors”. The article suggests that Trump 2.0’s perceived radicalism and austerity and anti-science nature, as seen from the perspective of US academics, aligns with the economic interests and ideologies of an emerging elite in America, the “digital industrialists”. It is anticipated that the vision of these digitalists for the economic order will shape a new economic theory in the foreseeable future.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ортодоксия</kwd><kwd>гетеродоксия</kwd><kwd>экономическая теория</kwd><kwd>экономическая политика</kwd><kwd>неолиберализм</kwd><kwd>байденомика</kwd><kwd>трампономика</kwd><kwd>мирохозяйственный уклад</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic orthodoxy</kwd><kwd>heterodoxy economics</kwd><kwd>economic policy</kwd><kwd>neoliberalism</kwd><kwd>Bidenomics</kwd><kwd>Trumponomics</kwd><kwd>world economic mode</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финуниверситета.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was supported by the state assignment of the Financial University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Аржаев Ф.И., Турко В.А. (2023). Формирование интеграционных ядер как новое направление глобализации: азиатское и латиноамериканское ядра. Финансы: теория и практика 27(4), 173–183. DOI: 10.26794/25875671-2023-27-4-173-183</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Аузан А.А., Мальцев А.А., Курдин А.А. (2023). Российское экономическое образование: образ ближайшего будущего. Вопросы экономики (10), 5–26. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2023-10-5-26</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Балацкий Е.В. (2017). Регулирование карьеры научных кадров: зарубежный опыт. Управление наукой и наукометрия 26(4), 48–65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Балацкий Е.В. (2022). Новые императивы экономического знания: на пути к социономике. Социальное пространство 8(4), 1–19. DOI: 10.15838/sa.2022.4.36.2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Глазьев С.Ю. (2022). Глобальная трансформация через призму смены технологических и мирохозяйственных укладов. AlterEconomics 19(1), 93–115. DOI: 10.31063/AlterEconomics/2022.19-1.6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Левин С.Н., Саблин К.С. (2024). Методологические и теоретические подходы к изучению взаимосвязи политики и экономики. Journal of Institutional Studies 16(4), 24–41. DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2024.16.4.024-041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Мальцев А., Чичилимов С. (2025). Укоренение неопротекционизма в мировой экономике XXI века. Мировая экономика и международные отношения 69(4), 5–14. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-4-5-14</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref8"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Панова Г.С., Ларионова И.В. (2023). Финансы в России и мире: концептуальные аспекты. Финансы: теория и практика 27(3), 105–114. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-3-105-114</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref9"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru"> Петухов В.А. (2025). Гипотеза о другой природе кривой Филлипса и ее влияние на финансовые потоки. Финансы: теория и практика 29(3), 207–217. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-3-207-217</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref10"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Толкачёв С.А. (2023). Противоречия политической экономии «байденомики». Вопросы политической экономии (4), 55–75. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10431115</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref11"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Толкачёв С.А., Анисимова А.И. (2025) Трампономика 2.0 как политическая экономия национального развития в эпоху глобальной трансформации. Российский экономический журнал (3), 30–51. DOI: 10.52210/0130-9757_2025_3_30</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref12"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Толкачёв С.А. (2024). Циклические закономерности трансформации экономической ортодоксии. Terra Economicus 22(3), 6–20. DOI: 10.18522/2073-6606-2024-22-3-6-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref13"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ядгаров Я.С., Орлова Д.Р. (2024). Преодоление ортодоксии в экономической науке: теоретико-методологические аспекты. Terra Economicus 22(4), 50–61. DOI: 10.18522/2073-6606-202422-4-50-61</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref14"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ядгаров Я.С., Орлова Д.Р. (2022). Векторы, этапы и проблемы формирования неортодоксальных оснований экономической науки. Финансы: теория и практика. 26(4), 245–266. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-4-245-266</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref15"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu, D., Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., Price, B. (2014). Import competition and the great U.S. employment sag of the 2000s. NBER Working Paper no. 20395, http://www.nber.org/papers/w20395 (accessed on July 24, 2025)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref16"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Aigner, E, Greenspon, J, Rodrik, D. (2025) The global distribution of authorship in economics journals. World Development 189, article 106926, 1–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106926</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref17"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Austin, D., Wilcox, N. (2007). Ideology and positive economic beliefs: Some experimental and survey evidence. Global Business and Economics Review 9(2-3), 271–285. DOI: 10.1504/GBER.2007.013705</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref18"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., Jones, M., Setzler, B. (2025). Places versus people: The ins and outs of labor market adjustment to globalization. NBER Working Paper no. 33424. http://www.nber.org/papers/w33424 (accessed on July 24, 2025)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref19"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Cohen, S., DeLong, B. (2016). Concrete Economics: The Hamilton Approach to Economic Growth and Policy. Harvard Business Review Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref20"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Dodd, R. (1994). Peddling Prosperity by Paul Krugman. Challenge 37(5), 62–64. DOI: 10.1080/05775132.1994.11471776</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref21"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Field, A. (2017). Ideology, economic policy, and economic history: Cohen and DeLong’s “Concrete Economics”. Journal of Economic Literature 55(4), 1526–1555. DOI: 10.1257/jel.20161442</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref22"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Freeman, R., Xie, D., Zhang, H., Zhou, H. (2024). High and rising institutional concentration of award-winning economists. NBER Conference SI 2024 Science of Science Funding, July 18, 2024. https://conference.nber.org/conf_papers/f204525.pdf (accessed on July 24, 2025)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref23"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Galbraith, J.K. (1981). The conservative onslaught. New York Review of Books (27), 30–35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref24"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ghosh, J. (2024). Why and How Economics Must Change. Finance &amp; Development 61(1), 22–23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref25"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">James, M. (1995). Policy entrepreneurs vs the professors: Paul Krugman, “Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations”, Norton, New York, 1994. Agenda – A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 2(1), 113–115. DOI: 10.22459/AG.02.01.1995</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref26"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Jo, T.-H. (2022). Heterodox economics and ideology. In: Chester, L., Jo, T.-H. (eds.) Heterodox Economics: Legacy and Prospects (pp. 204–251). Bristol: World Economics Association Books.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref27"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Kozlowski, A., Van Gunten, T. (2023). Are economists overconfident? Ideology and uncertainty in expert opinion. The British Journal of Sociology 74(3). 476–500. DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref28"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Krugman, P. (1994). Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations. N.Y.: W.W. Norton.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref29"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Krugman, P. (2007). The Conscience of a Liberal. N.Y.: W.W. Norton.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref30"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Mankiw, G. (2006). The macroeconomist as scientist and engineer. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(4), 29–46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref31"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Rodrik, D. (2006). Goodbye Washington Consensus, hello Washington Confusion? A review of the World Bank’s economic growth in the 1990s: Learning from a decade of reform. Journal of Economic Literature 44(4), 973–987.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref32"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Rodrik, D. (2015). Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of The Dismal Science. N.Y.: W.W. Norton.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref33"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Rodrik, D. (2024). Reimagining the global economic order. Review of Keynesian Economics 12(3), 396–407. DOI: 10.4337/roke.2024.03.09</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref34"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Rubinstein, A. (2017). Comments on economic models, economics, and economists: remarks on economics rules by Dani Rodrik. Journal of Economic Literature 55(1), 162–172. DOI: 10.1257/jel.20161408</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref35"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Sturn, R. (2022). Ideology, power, and progress: Economics and its dilemmas. Acta Oeconomica 72(1), 81–105. DOI: 10.1556/032.2022.00020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref36"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Williamson, J. (2000). What should the world bank think about the Washington consensus? The World Bank Research Observer 15(2), 251–264.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref37"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Arzhaev, F., Turko, V. (2023). Formation of integration cores as a new direction of globalization: Asian and Latin American cores. Finance: Theory and Practice 27(4), 173–183 (in Russian). DOI: 10.26794/25875671-2023-27-4-173-183</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref38"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Auzan, A., Maltsev, A., Kurdin, A. (2023). Russian economic education: Image of the near future. Voprosy Ekonomiki (10), 5–26 (in Russian). DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2023-10-5-26</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref39"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Balatsky, E. (2017). Scientific staff career regulation: Foreign experience. Science Management and Scientometrics 26(4), 48–65 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref40"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Balatsky, E. (2022). New imperatives of economic knowledge: towards socionomics. Social Space 8(4), 1–19 (in Russian). DOI: 10.15838/sa.2022.4.36.2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref41"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Glazyev, S. (2022). Global transformation through the prism of changing technological and world economic patterns. AlterEconomics 19(1), 93–115 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31063/AlterEconomics/2022.19-1.6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref42"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Levin, S., Sablin, K. (2024). Methodological and Theoretical approaches to the study of relationship between politics and economics. Journal of Institutional Studies 16(4), 24–41 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2024.16.4.024-041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref43"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Maltsev, A., Chichilimov, S. (2025). Entrenchment of neoprotectionism in global economy. World Economy and International Relations 69(4), 5–14 (in Russian). DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-4-5-14</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref44"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Panova, G., Larionova, I. (2023). Finance in Russia and the world: Conceptual aspects. Finance: Theory and Practice 27(3), 105–114 (in Russian). DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-3-105-114</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref45"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Petukhov, V. (2025). The hypothesis of a different nature of the Phillips curve and its impact on financial flows. Finance: Theory and Practice 29(3), 207–217 (in Russian). DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-3-207-217</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref46"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Tolkachev, S. (2023). Contradictions of the political economy of ‘bidenomics’. Problems of Political Economy (4), 55–75 (in Russian). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10431115</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref47"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Tolkachev, S., Anismova, A. (2025). Trumponomics 2.0 as a political economy of national development in the era of global transformations. Russian Economic Journal (3), 30–51 (in Russian). DOI: 10.52210/0130-9757_2025_3_30</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref48"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Tolkachev, S. (2024). The cyclical nature of transformations in economic orthodoxy. Terra Economicus 22(3), 6–20 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18522/2073-6606-2024-22-3-6-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref49"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Yadgarov, Ya., Orlova, D. (2024). Overcoming orthodoxy in Economics: Theoretical and methodological aspects. Terra Economicus 22(4), 50–61 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18522/2073-6606-202422-4-50-61</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref50"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Yadgarov, Ya., Orlova, D. (2022). Vectors, stages and problems of nonortodoxal foundations of economic science formation. Finance: Theory and Practice 26(4), 245–266 (in Russian). DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-4-245-266</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref51"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Acemoglu, D., Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., Price, B. (2014). Import competition and the great U.S. employment sag of the 2000s. NBER Working Paper no. 20395, http://www.nber.org/papers/w20395 (accessed on July 24, 2025)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref52"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Aigner, E, Greenspon, J, Rodrik, D. (2025) The global distribution of authorship in economics journals. World Development 189, article 106926, 1–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106926</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref53"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Austin, D., Wilcox, N. (2007). Ideology and positive economic beliefs: Some experimental and survey evidence. Global Business and Economics Review 9(2-3), 271–285. DOI: 10.1504/GBER.2007.013705</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref54"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., Jones, M., Setzler, B. (2025). Places versus people: The ins and outs of labor market adjustment to globalization. NBER Working Paper no. 33424. http://www.nber.org/papers/w33424 (accessed on July 24, 2025)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref55"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Cohen, S., DeLong, B. (2016). Concrete Economics: The Hamilton Approach to Economic Growth and Policy. Harvard Business Review Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref56"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Dodd, R. (1994). Peddling Prosperity by Paul Krugman. Challenge 37(5), 62–64. DOI: 10.1080/05775132.1994.11471776</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref57"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Field, A. (2017). Ideology, economic policy, and economic history: Cohen and DeLong’s “Concrete Economics”. Journal of Economic Literature 55(4), 1526–1555. DOI: 10.1257/jel.20161442</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref58"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Freeman, R., Xie, D., Zhang, H., Zhou, H. (2024). High and rising institutional concentration of award-winning economists. NBER Conference SI 2024 Science of Science Funding, July 18, 2024. https://conference.nber.org/conf_papers/f204525.pdf (accessed on July 24, 2025)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref59"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Galbraith, J.K. (1981). The conservative onslaught. New York Review of Books (27), 30–35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref60"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Ghosh, J. (2024). Why and How Economics Must Change. Finance &amp; Development 61(1), 22–23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref61"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">James, M. (1995). Policy entrepreneurs vs the professors: Paul Krugman, “Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations”, Norton, New York, 1994. Agenda – A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 2(1), 113–115. DOI: 10.22459/AG.02.01.1995</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref62"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Jo, T.-H. (2022). Heterodox economics and ideology. In: Chester, L., Jo, T.-H. (eds.) Heterodox Economics: Legacy and Prospects (pp. 204–251). Bristol: World Economics Association Books.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref63"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Kozlowski, A., Van Gunten, T. (2023). Are economists overconfident? Ideology and uncertainty in expert opinion. The British Journal of Sociology 74(3). 476–500. DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref64"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Krugman, P. (1994). Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations. N.Y.: W.W. Norton.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref65"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Krugman, P. (2007). The Conscience of a Liberal. N.Y.: W.W. Norton.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref66"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Mankiw, G. (2006). The macroeconomist as scientist and engineer. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(4), 29–46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref67"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Rodrik, D. (2006). Goodbye Washington Consensus, hello Washington Confusion? A review of the World Bank’s economic growth in the 1990s: Learning from a decade of reform. Journal of Economic Literature 44(4), 973–987.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref68"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Rodrik, D. (2015). Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of The Dismal Science. N.Y.: W.W. Norton.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref69"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Rodrik, D. (2024). Reimagining the global economic order. Review of Keynesian Economics 12(3), 396–407. DOI: 10.4337/roke.2024.03.09</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref70"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Rubinstein, A. (2017). Comments on economic models, economics, and economists: remarks on economics rules by Dani Rodrik. Journal of Economic Literature 55(1), 162–172. DOI: 10.1257/jel.20161408</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref71"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Sturn, R. (2022). Ideology, power, and progress: Economics and its dilemmas. Acta Oeconomica 72(1), 81–105. DOI: 10.1556/032.2022.00020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref72"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Williamson, J. (2000). What should the world bank think about the Washington consensus? The World Bank Research Observer 15(2), 251–264.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Автор выражает благодарность студентам Финуниверситета А.А. Смирнову и А.О. Судаковой за помощь в сборе материалов для статьи.</p></ack><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The author thanks the students of the Financial University A.A. Smirnov and A.O. Sudakova for their assistance in collecting materials for the article.</p></ack></back></article>
